Current Information:

Age-27

192, St Paul's Road, Canonbury

Grevillers British Cemetery, France

The Battle of the Somme (July-November, 1916)

By the beginning of October, 1916,  the Battle of the Somme had been raging for three months. Thousands of men had already been killed or wounded or were simply missing, never to be seen again and and just a few square miles of the French countryside, all in the southern part of the battlefield, had been captured from the enemy. Mistakes had been made by the various commanders and would be continued to be made but there was no turning back as the British, Australians, South Africans, New Zealanders and Canadians carried on battering away at the German defences in the hope of a breakthrough, So it continued all the way through to November with nearly every battalion and division then in France being drawn into it at some stage. In the end the German trenches had been pushed back a few more miles along most of the line but the cost in lives had been staggering. By the end of the fighting in November, 1916, British Army casualties numbered over 400,000, killed, wounded and missing.

The Battle of Transloy Ridge

On 1st October, 1916, a new offensive was begun by the British Army. The Battle of Transloy Ridge was the last major operation fought during the battle of the Somme and it continued throughout the first three weeks of the month until the terrible conditions of rain, mud and cold coupled with the sheer exhaustion of the troops, brought things to a standstill. The aim had been to push the enemy further back to the next ridge of higher ground running between Le Transloy and Warlencourt. It was a very hard fight, progress was painfully slow, the casualty figure was shockingly high and the final objective was not achieved despite the best efforts of the attacking divisions. Three factors worked against its success. The first was the weather. It was simply awful. The second was the miles of war torn terrain which soon became a quagmire over which troops, guns, ammunition and all the other supplies had to cross to reach the front and keep the momentum of the offensive going. For the Germans, falling back on their own supply lines across relatively unscathed ground, this was not such a problem. The third factor was the new methods of defence employed by the enemy. They defended in depth without a well defined front line but instead setting up machine-gun nests in shell holes and other strategically important sites where just a few men could hold up an entire battalion. And of course, the German artillery had the whole area covered.

On 7th October, 1916, the British Army attacked on a wide front stretching from Lesboeufs, where the British line met the French, to Le Sars on the Albert to Bapaume road. It was not a great success. Very little ground was gained and the cost in casualties was extremely high. At  zero hour, 1.45pm, 12th Division attacked with the village of Gueudecourt on their right flank. On the left of the divisional front 36 Brigade sent forward the 8th Royal Fusilier and the 9th Royal Fusilier  battalions but the Germans must have known that the attack was coming because that morning they were heavily shelled and at 1.30pm a tremendous machine-gun and shrapnel fire was opened up on the front trenches. These were packed with men waiting for zero hour and as a result there were many casualties before they went over the top.  Nevertheless the attack proceeded and they went forward in three lines, their first objective being Bayonet Trench. Not only did they meet fierce machine-gun and rifle fire that was poured onto them as they advanced but, according to the battalion diary, their attack coincided with a relief taking place in the enemy lines which meant that there were twice as many German troops to deal with. Not surprisingly the attack was not a success. Men went to ground wherever there was shelter and by 11pm all the survivors had made it back to their own lines. However, there were many who did not survive and 8th Royal Fusiliers suffered 250 casualties, one of whom was Percy Waghorn who was killed in action.